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$\"Gravatar\"$ Government has no other end than the preservation of property. – John Locke

The French writer Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755), further developed Libertarian politics with a division of political powers in government. The division of power would, in effect, neutralize government and prevent citizens from gaining power over each other; conversely, citizens could easily make power powerless by changing parties. This is what Montesquieu called “liberty”. Today, we call Montesquieu’s phlisophy “Social Darwinism” – a term which is most closely associated with the writings of Herbert Spencer. Spencer coined the phrase “survival of the fittest” – a term that describes Montesquieu’s state of “liberty” perfectly.

The French physician François Quesnay (1694-1774) was the leader of a sect of Enlightenment thinkers known as the Physiocrats (or économistes) who founded Libertarian economics. The term “Physiocracy” means rule of nature and was coined in 1767 by Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours to describe the doctrine of the first modern school of economics. Quesnay transformed economics into its modern role as the science of wealth. In so doing he disengaged economic process from its role as servant of the sociopolitical order, and established its claim to be the direct manifestation of the natural order. In other words, he argued that economic process itself embodied natural law and should thus dictate the sociopolitical order.

Quesnay had arrived at his theories of a free market and economic individualism by studying the emergence of a national market in England. But he always understood that in eighteenth century France the unfettered pursuit of individual interest might not result in the natural order he sought to establish. Quesnay knew that men could fail to behave “economically.”

Quesnay believed that his introduction of arithmetic precision into economics provided a scientific rule that should dictate appropriate political arrangements – and even the obedience of sovereigns. He was never willing, however, to trust the spontaneous development of the proper sociopolitical order. Nature required the assistance of an absolute authority capable of forcing natural order upon recalcitrant humans.

Montesquieu’s phlisophy of Social Darwinism (survival of the economically fittest), Libertarian politics, and Libertarian economics were imported to America by Pierre Samuel DuPont, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison thereby establishing America as the first true Libertarian state. The principal functions of America’s new Libertarian government were two: to protect property and to force men to act economically. All other political activity was assigned to the economic sphere.
cnulan | Homepage | 10.11.07 - 8:10 am | #

$\"Gravatar\"$ The economy requires the assistance of an absolute authority capable of forcing natural order upon recalcitrant humans:

\"because many great men of England ... have complained that they cannot make their Profit of the residue of their Manors, as of Wastes, Woods, and Pastures, whereas the same Feoffees have sufficient Pasture, as much as belongeth to their Tenements;\"

in GAWD we trust indeed.....,
cnulan | Homepage | 10.11.07 - 8:15 am | #

$\"Gravatar\"$ Let's talk about bartering as a means to acquire needed goods and services. If anyone is interested, make a comment here.
Rich | 10.13.07 - 5:06 pm | #

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