COMMENTS
That paper by the immunologist Arnaiz-Villena et al is the most racist piece of garbage that I have ever read. So pro Slav Macedonian, so pro Afrocentrist. The history lesson about Egypt and Greece is rather strange or fanciful: The Macedonians were not Greek, the Egyptian were negroid, sub saharrans managed to leave their homelands and move to just Greece not Spain or Italy or France or Bulgaria when the Saharra was drying up, Crete missed out.....What a crock of merde that is.
How much did the vested interests pay A-V et al for that piece of misinformed racist garbage? Obviously a lot. That man's scientific reputation is ruined. I wonder if he knows anything at all about immunology? He obviously knows nothing about history, genetics and the scientific method.
I always thought that being one had to do with language,culture,religion etc and not blood or genes so was willing to look at the study when I saw it mentioned in a Slavic Nationalist site and read it.
What gave it away for me was the authors' unreserved acceptance of the revisionist view of history propagated by the Macedonians. Some doubts, yes; a reservation I wouldn't have minded. It is not as if there is not propaganda emanating from Greek nationalists either. These guys, though, were parotting the Macedonian line word for word.
That prompted me to look at the authors' names. Half of them were from the University of Skopje. I was not that surprised...
A few years ago the Republic of Macedonia website had published a forged letter from Alexander. This was presented as valid in several publications.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/a...t/
alexfake.html
These debates about haplogroups are only relevant to people who spend too much time in fruitless internet debates. Most people do not care about haplogroup studies, much less know what haplogroups are.
The average person knows the difference between a Greek and a sub-Saharan African; and if Macedonians are in a war with Greeks, the way to beat the Greeks is to develop themselves economically and to use smart tactics to achieve their ends.
Claiming the Greeks are sub-Saharan won't do anything for their ends, except maybe provide a temporary cathartic satisfaction that must be matched with real, tangible actions leading to results.
This is ridiculous. The Egyptians were not negroid and Egypt did not serve as a transit route for Ethiopians going to Greece. There is very litle evidence of Ethiopians in Egypt, most trade was conducted by Egyptian merchants in Ethiopia or by Nubian middlemen. Greeks, I would venture to say, are whiter than Macedonians, at leas the mainland Greeks. This is Slavic supremacism that contributed to Milosevic and uses the fallacy of afrocentrism as a means to a false and insulting end.
About Greeks
Not only Arnaiz-Villena et al found sub-Saharan genes in Greeks,but also Dork et al (Amer J Hum Genet)by using other Chr markers long before.
Recently some people from Tunisia have found similar results to the Arnaiz-Villena Group (See European Journal of Medical Genetics,2005 and 2006)
In all examples that are used against this work ,the initial data (International HLA Workshop)have been purged.
All HLA authors are using single locus studies.The criticisms in Nature are senseless.
In addition Y and mitDNA haplotypes behave like one locus with many alleles,like one single HLA locus.
All of these markers are also linked to disease.
This Arnaiz-Villena et al paper is supported by other genes and other authors.
See
Dork et al-Am J Hum Genet,63:656 (199
(199
Hajjeg et al-European Journal of medical genetics,49:43-56 (2006)
HLA data not confirming Arnaiz-Villena et al data were spunged.This is well known for all HLA researchers.
Greek data are in the HLA workshops books ,analysed (blindly) by Greek and British laboratories and anybody can reach these data,whose quotation is in Arnaiz-Villena et al paper.
After that, some Greek laboratories
disownwed their data , purged necessary data and published
other papers.
Brilliant Jobling was misled by these facts and by the fact that HLA
is like hieroglyphic for anthropologists by unknown reasons.
The Arnaiz-Villena controversy
The disputed data continues to be cited all over the Internet, mostly by White Supremacists, Afrocentrists and Macedonian Slav nationalists who have political motivations to relate modern or ancient Greeks to black Africans. However, it's no longer referenced by population geneticists in contemporary research, mainly due to the criticism of Cavalli-Sforza et al.
Sub-Saharan DNA admixture in EUROPE
The descendants of the sub-Saharan Africans who first began the Great Diaspora about 70 millennia ago can be distinguished from the sub-Saharan groups who helped to re-colonize Europe after the glaciers melted 16 millennia ago, and from sub-Saharan people who crossed or went around the Mediterranean in Ancient Egyptian or Roman times or thereafter as slaves, soldiers, settlers, or traders.
Although mtDNA and Y-DNA can quantifiably estimate a modern population's overall admixture, the approach cannot measure an individual's genealogy. You had about a million ancestors alive in the year 1500, but only two of them carried your mtDNA and Y-DNA. Differences between the patterns of mtDNA and Y-DNA can suggest why populations migrated: military conquest tends to propagate Y lineages but leave mtDNA lineages in place (men conquer, women get raped), mass migrations in search of a new homeland tend to propagate mtDNA and Y lineages equally, and a slave trade tends to propagate mtDNA lineages but leave Y lineages in place (female slaves are encouraged to propagate, males are not).
According to a summary study by Pereira et al. 2005,[3] sub-Saharan mtDNA L haplogroups were found at rates of 0.62% in a German-Danish sample, 1% in the British, 3.83% in Iberians (Portuguese and Spanish), 2.38% in Albanians, 2.86% in Sardinians and 0.94% in Sicilians.
Another study by Gonzalez et al. 2003[4] found L haplogroups at rates of 0.1% in Scotland, 0.4% in England, 0.7% in North Germany, 1.4% in France, 2.9% in Galicia, 2.2% in Northern Portugal, 4.3% in Central Portugal, and 8.6% in Southern Portugal (Alentejo and Algarve)(note that these figures do not count the L3 lineage, which may be of ancient introduction and so remains ambiguous). For comparison, sub-Saharan mtDNA runs 21.8% in North Africa.
Sub-Saharan African Y-chromosomes are much less common in Europe, for the reasons discussed above. However, Haplogroups E(xE3b) and Haplogroup A spread to Europe due to migrations from Northeast Africa, rather than the slave trade. The haplotypes have been detected in Portugal (3%), Spain (0.42%), Germany (2%), Austria (0.78%), France (2.5% in a very small sample), Italy (0.45%), Sardinia (1.6%) and Greece (0.27%). By contrast, North Africans have about 5% paternal black admixture.
http://www.answers.com/topic/sub...xture-in-
europe
The Arnaiz Villena study is nothing but a piece of trash propaganda put out by the 'Macedonian' savages. They are no relation to Alexander or his people, and they know it. I'm not surprised the afrocentrics nd nordicists like the paper. They, like the slavs, are uncultured barbarians trying to steal the heriage of a superior race. The Nordic race is the cause of all that is bad in the world. Long Live Hellas! Death to all Nordics. May the Mongols, Slavs, Amerinds, Turks, Gypsies, Semites, Australoids, and Negroids be slaves to the almighty Mediteranean race. HEIL THE NEW HELLENIC EMPIRE!
Commenting by HaloScan
